“Let the ‘environment’ of women be similar to that of men and with his opportunities, before she be fairly judged, intellectually his inferior, please.”

#Inferior #读书

In 1893 New Zealand became the first self-governing country to grant women the vote.

竟然是新西兰吗！以前都没听说过这回事！好厉害

这本书还蛮好看的！摘抄之后再做，因为信息还蛮复杂的需要总结。不过有个地方我觉得挺有意思的，是关于一个性别差异的实验。在那之前科学家主流认为男女表现上的差异纯纯是社会构造的，而那个实验对刚出生两天的小宝宝做实验，证明了男女的确在刚出生的时候就有偏好上的差异。
但是那个实验缺陷很多，比如没有做到 blind，所以很可能存在差异但是没有他们声称的那么大；而且从某一对物件视觉停留的长短到思维方式上的差异这个结论跃进过于大了。
我觉得有趣的地方在于，这个实验是一个博士生做的，十五年后作者向她提出种种质疑，她接受得非常虚心，说自己当时确实太年轻太没有经验了，很多地方都没有做好。作者又把这些质疑提给她的导师，导师的回复就非常理直气壮了：“实验是经过仔细设计也经过同行评审的，所以是符合标准的好的科学。一切实验都有可以批评可以改进的地方。希望未来有人试图重复的时候可以改进。”
这就是年轻研究者和老油条的差别！年轻研究者总觉得这里做得不好，那里可以改进，但是老油条可以判断这个研究是否已经做得够好了（标准是可以发 paper 了）。所以我确实要感谢我的教授，我当年觉得自己的进展微不足道，应当继续推进，要不是我教授果断说“这个可以写 paper 了”，我是一篇也发不出来的。
不过我还是更喜欢年轻研究者的那个虚心的态度。。而且发这种“政治不正确”的结果确实要小心，因为很可能被误解，对未来的研究方向产生很大影响。

“We see a huge range of plasticity in how much engagement there is in human males,” […] If society expects men to be involved in child care, they are, and they can do it well. If society expects them to be hands-off, they can do that, too.

让我想到前段时间听卡梅隆提到的那个调查，说是人们愿意爱护环境，如果周围的人也这么做的话…

In 1979 Lee noted that among the !Kung hunter-gatherers in Africa, women’s gathering provided as much as two-thirds of food in the group’s diet. As well as feeding their families, women were often also responsible for cooking, setting up shelter, and helping with hunts. And they did all this at the same time as being pregnant and raising children.

这个分工感觉和现代人类也好像…故事始终在强调打猎是多么勇猛危险的事情，只字不提打猎以外的保障生存的活动有多复杂…

What digging sticks, slings, and food bags all have in common, though, is that they’re wooden or made of skin or fiber, which means they break down and disappear over time. They leave no trace in the fossil record, unlike hardwearing stone tools that archaeologists have assumed are used for hunting. This is one reason, adds Zihlman, that women’s inventions, and consequently women themselves, may have been neglected by evolutionary researchers.

You’re at university and a stranger of the opposite sex sidles up to you. “I’ve been noticing you around campus. I find you to be very attractive,” they say. Before you know it, the mysterious person is inviting you back to their room to sleep with them. It may be the least creative way of picking someone up, but if it works on you, then research suggests you’re almost certainly a man.

我看过这个研究！忘了是在哪儿，再看一遍还是笑晕了

感觉这类人类学实验真的好有意思，就是说因为没办法研究全人类所以每个研究者都只能抽一个样本，再加上实验设计的不同就可以得到完全不同的结果！
这个 1978 年的研究是在美国做的，2013 年又有人在德国重复，虽然在校园里随机拦人得到的结果和之前差不多，但是在非常安全的 lab 环境里给人照片让人挑，竟然几乎所有人都同意了 date 和 sex，无论性别​​